The System Behind The Scientific Calculator Computer Science Essay

The System Behind The scientific reckoner Computer apprehension EssayThe first scientific ready reckoner that included all of the elemental features above was the schedulemableHewlett-PackardHP-9100A,1released in 1968, though theWangLOCI-2 and the Mathatronics Mathatron had whatsoever features later identified with scientific computing device de halls. The HP-9100 series was built entirely from discretetransistor dodge of logic with nointegrated circuits, and was one of the first white plagues of theCORDICalgorithm for trigonometric reckoning in a personal computing device, as well as the first calculator based onreverse Polish notationentry. HP became closely identified with RPN calculators from and then on, and even today some of their high-end calculators (particularly the long-livedHP-12Cfinancial calculator and theHP-48series of graphing calculators) still offer RPN as their inadvertence input mode due to having garnered a actually large chase.TheHP-35, introduced on February 1, 1972, wasHewlett-Packards firstpocket calculatorand the worlds first hold scientific calculator.2 interchangeable some of HPs desktop calculators it utilizereverse Polish notation. Introduced at US$395, the HP-35 was available from 1972 to 1975. HP continues to develop and market high-end scientific calculators, like theHP-35sandHP-49 series, which defend been favored by scientists and engineers, in labs, offices, as well as in the field.Texas Instruments, after the introduction of several units with scientific notation, came out with a handheld scientific calculator on January 15, 1974 in the form of the SR-50.3TI continues to be a major fraud in the calculator market, with their long-runningTI-30series creation one of the most widely used scientific calculators in classrooms.Casioand sagaciously live with also been major players, with Casios FX series (beginning with the Casio FX-1 in 19724) being a very common brand, used particularly in schools. Casio is also the 3citation necessitateedplayer in thegraphing calculatormarket, and was the first comp whatever to produce one (Casio fx-7000G). mental institutionScientific CalculatorTop of FormBottom of FormThe calculator was written by Rolf Howarth in early 1996.A fully have scientific calculator with proper operator precedence is implemented, including trig wait ons and logarithms, factorials, 12 levels of parentheses, logs to base 2 (a handy mesh for information entropists), bitwise logical operators, hex, octal, binary and ASCII display.The calculator is written in JavaScript and you are welcome to view the JavaScript kickoff (visible within the HTML page) for personal educational purposes as long as you recognize that it is copyrighted and not in the public domain. This calculator is presently available as part of Hummingbirds Enterprise Information Portal. All enquiries regarding licensing the calculator should be directed to Hummingbird Ltd.Basic FunctionsAdditionThe addition (su m function) is used by clicking on the + thrust or using the keyboard. The function forgets in a+b.SubtractionThe subtraction (minus function) is used by clicking on the - firing or using the keyboard. The function events in a-b.MultiplicationThe multiplication (times function) is used by clicking on the x liberation or using the keyboard * key. The function results in a*b.DivisionThe division (divide function) is used by clicking on the / dismissal or using the keyboard / key. The function results in a/b.SignThe sign key (negative key) is used by clicking on the (-) aloneton. The function results in -1*x. forthrightThe square function is used by clicking on the x2 button or type 2. The function results in x*x. agora RootThe square root function is used by clicking on the x button or type sqrt(). This function represents x.5 where the result squared is equal to x.Raise to the PowerThe raise to the power (y increase to the x function) is used by clicking on the yx button or t ype . inborn business leaderialThe natural exponential (e raised to the x) is used by clicking on the ex button or type exp(). The result is e (2.71828) raised to x.LogarithmThe logarithm (LOG) is used by clicking on the LOG button or type LOG().Natural LogarithmThe Natural logarithm (LN) is used by clicking on the LN button or type LN().InverseMultiplicative inverse (reciprocal function) is used by pressing the 1/x button or typing inv(). This function is the same as x-1 or dividing 1 by the weigh.ExponentNumbers with exponents of 10 are displayed with an e, for example 4.5e+100 or 4.5e-100. This function represents 10x. Numbers are automatically displayed in the format when the number is too large or too small for the display. To enter a number in this format use the exponent key EEX. To do this enter the mantissa (the non exponent part) then press EEX or typee and then enter the exponent.FactorialThe Factorial function is used by clicking the button or type .PIPI is a mathema tical constant quantity of the ratio of a circles circumference to its diameter.PROPOSED SYSTEMThe following documentation is a roll the Name of the term paper allotted. It is a detailed sum-up of all the drawbacks of the old schema and how the new proposed system overcomes these shortcomings. The new system takes into cypher the various factors while proposeing a new system. It keeps into the account the Economical bandwidth available for the new system. The foremost thing that is taken headache of is the Need and Requirements of the User.DESCRIPTIONBefore developing software program we keep following things in mind that we bum develop powerful and quality softwarePROBLEM STATEMENTProblem statement was to physique a facultyWhich is user friendlyWhich go out restrict the user from accessing other users data.Which exit serve user in viewing his data and privileges.Which provide help the administrator to handle all the changes.FUNCTIONS TO BE PROVIDEDThe system will be u ser friendly and completely menu driven so that the users shall have no problem in using all options.The system will be efficient and fast in response.The system will be customized according to needs.(ViewAddDeleteModify)SYSTEM REQUIRMENTSOperating system MS Windows XP or Windows VistaLanguage C LanguageProcessor Pentium IV Processor RAM 512 MB Hard disk 5 GBSYSTEM DESIGNThen we began with the design phase of the system. System design is a solution, a HOW TO approach to the creation of a new system. It translates system requirements into ways by which they can be do operational. It is a translational from a user point document to a document oriented programmers. For that, it provides the sagacity and procedural details necessary for the implementation. Here we use flow sheet to supplement the working of the new system. The system thus made should be reliable, durable and above all should have least realistic forethought costs. It should overcome all the drawbacks of the Old ex isting system and most of import of all meet the user requirements.Welcome to main menu of Scientific CalculatorEnter Your Choice?On calculatorDo your any taskDo you want to continue?STARTTrignometery(sin,cos)Inverse(1/x)STOP vanquish off calculatorYesNoAPPLICATIONSIn most countries, schoolchilds use calculators for schoolwork. in that location was some initial resistance to the idea out of fear that staple fibre arithmetic skills would suffer. There remains disagreement about the importance of the superpower to perform calculations in the head, with some curricula restricting calculator use until a certain level of proficiency has been take fored, while others concentrate more on teaching estimation techniques and problem-solving. Research suggests that inadequate guidance in the use of calculating tools can restrict the kind of mathematical thinking that students utilise in. Others have argued that calculator use can even cause encumbrance mathematical skills to atrophy, o r that such use can prevent understanding of advanced algebraic concepts.There are other concerns for example, that a school-age child could use the calculator in the wrong fashion but weigh the answer because that was the result given. Teachers try to combat this by encouraging the student to make an estimate of the result manually and ensuring it roughly agrees with the calculated result. Also, it is possible for a child to type in 1-1 and obtain the correct answer 1 without realizing the principle involved. In this sense, the calculator becomes a crutch rather than a learning tool, and it can slow down students in exam conditions as they check even the most trivial result on a calculator.FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECTOur project will be able to implement in future after making some changes and modifications as we make our project at a very low level. So the modifications that can be done in our project areTo make it screen touch so no need to touch key buttons and one more change which can we made is to add snaps of the person who use it.TESTINGTesting is the major find out measure used during software development. Its basic function is to detect errors in the software. During requirement analysis and design, the output is a document that is usually textual and no executable. After the coding phase, computer programs are available that can be executed for testing purpose. This implies that testing not only, has to uncover errors introduced during coding, but also errors introduced during previous phase. Thus the goal of testing is to uncover the requirements, design and coding errors in the programs. The Sourcecode declared above for the program of Scientific Calculator has been tested and it has been found that the above source code is okay and correct.The program involves many type of conversions. These conversions has to done carefully