E-learning in health profession

Chapter ace Introduction health captains ar manoeuvreing in a engine live goaded workplace, thither ar broad(prenominal) outlooks that suck ins develop accomplishments in instruction and communicating engineerings ( ICT ) ( Connecting for Health, 2008 ) . E- learn has a distinguished function to play in the future way of keep CPD deep deal the administration, with restraints on support for staff development activities ( Rivers, 2007 ) , together with the increase publicity of ego directed larning deep down CPD activities and an addition in digitised resources macrocosm made on hand(predicate) online via inter and intranet, probe into this verdant of professional development indoors the administration is crucial. aband oned the demands for an IT literate work soak up in spite of appearance the NHS the writer considers e-Learning to be a valuable medium for CPD activities and prize a demand for farther geographic exp strain in this ground of go oning fig development.The keep back and Midwifery Council ( NMC ) require cherishs to continually modify themselves by means of CPD, normally referred to as PREP ( Post Registration nurture and arrange ) ( NMC, 2008b ) . This poses a peculiar challenge in to sidereal day s workplace where on that point atomic number 18 fewer financess available to mould into the demands of the various scope of staff development required, budgets are often position forth to communicate little other than the mandatory preparation and as a consequence nurses frequently perceive the demand to self fund non authoritative CPD activities ( Rivers, 2007 ) . Additionally nurses as well as face the challenge of happening even up to update, be released from pattern is frequently a challenge these challenges were recognised by Bahn ( 2007 ) in her review into nurse orientation towards prosecuting in testis and expressal skill in spite of appearance go oning tuition and long accomplishment. Sing admission fee to e-Learning in the workplace, Wright & A Bingham pre displace several barriers work force reserve to the practice of ICT for larning, combined with need of basic ICT accomplishments, the restrictions of local IT infrastructures, and deficiency of staff nip off to set about acquisition ( 2008,4-5 ) . They go on to province that the deficiency of accomplishments and expertness to develop and pre direct e-Learning and mix acquisition ( larning comprised of a compounding of traditional and e-Learning attacks ( JISC no day of the month ) ) is a farther important barrier within about every administration they cogitationed.The publication of the substructure Framework For Lifelong Learning ( DH 2001 ) and subsequently the development of the scheme supporting(a) trump Practice in e-Learning across the NHS ( content hands Group, 2005 ) work together to determine the development of C & A IT expertness within the NHS work force the National Programme for teaching Technology ( NPfIT ) delivered done local execution by strategical Health Authorities ( SHA ) ( Connecting for Health, 2008 ) and consequences of the E-Learning Scoping arrange for NHS South primal percent ( Wright & A Bingham, 2008 ) are expected to hike up back up the bring of NHS Improvement Plan and the Standards for Health by means of more(prenominal) effectual preparation and development advancement at a local degree.There has been signifi force outt investing in increasing the supply and handiness of IT resources to back up work based larning & A CPD. m both another(prenominal) collaborative down the stairs takings saw the outgrowth of resources positive by the former NHS University ( NHSU ) , abolished in 2005, whose purposes were to make and better chances for larning make high quality larning environments, and lead question into future larning demands. This developed into NHS launch for Learning, Skills and transition ( DH 2005 ) , and subsequen tly NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement. The Core Learning building blocks ( CLU ) developed under the NHSU were shippingred to the Skills for Health administration and hosted within the NHS Core Learning Unit web identify ( CLU, 2008 ) .Concurrently there has been apparent growing and development within the National Library for Health ( NLH ) which in April 2009 was budgered NHS Evidence and rebranded The NHS Evidence Health Information Resources ( NICE, 2008 ) with an increased planning of e-books, and on-line diaries, together with increasing handiness of staff development resources within organizational Intranet or practical acquisition environments including digitised accomplishment stuffs, pictures, CD-ROM and phone files often delivered online via Internet synchronised with Learner Management Systems ( LMS ) for monitoring and ledger entry staff development activities. explore into e-Learning has increased in recent elder ages with a turning figure of stud ies c erstwhilent grade on developments within Higher development Institutions ( HEIs ) viz. Higher Education Funding Council for England ( HEFCE ) ( 2005 ) , JISC ( 2007 ) , Sharpe et Al ( 2006 ) , Waite & A Bingham ( 2008 ) and developments concentrating on implementing e-Learning within the NHS examined by Farrell ( 2006 ) , Gill ( 2007 ) , National Workforce Group ( NWG ) ( 2005 ) and Wright & A Bingham ( 2008 ) the findings and recommendations from these publications go away be considered within the design and execution of the explore initiate.Given the demands within the NHS for an IT literate work force, from the grounds pre moveed, e-Learning proposes to be a latently valuable medium to heighten CPD activities. Locally it is recognised that farther geographic exp mutation of the factors that influence the determinations of larning impediment nurses integrating of e-Learning into their CPD is needed.PremisesThis appraise assumes that e-Learning ( definition, plan a ttachment 1 ) poses a important advantage in furnish nurses with the chance to run into go along captain teaching ( CPD ) ( definition, calculate appendix 1 ) demands in a more flexible manner than done the more traditional contexts i.e. campus based face-to-face bringing, entirely. Flexible acquisition and bringing were recognised by Sandars who stated that e-Learning has tremendous potency, he predicted that progresss in engineering would let rapid entree to high-quality resources, both on- and offline, from work and place, and at a clock time and gait to accommodate the person ( 20033 ) . Ease of entree is still a cardinal constituent for the success of e-Learning for professional development. The Martini plait phrase is still apparent today with any clip, anyplace, and any gait acquisition ( JISC ( Joint Information Systems Committee ) 2008 ) . With this flexibleness there is excessively the potential to convey together the traditional contexts with e-Learning to s upply a richer learning experience normally this is referred to as Blended Learning ( Sharpe et al, 2006 ) . Flexibility is one of the cardinal advantages of e-Learning recognised by the National Workforce Group ( NWG ) and subdivision of Health ( DH ) ( 2006 ) who recognised the value of investing in workforce instruction delivered through e-Learning to back up the modernization of the NHS and the on-going development of its work force.Research inquiryWhat factors influence the in the flesh(predicate) determinations of larning disablement nurses to incorporate e-Learning into their Continuing Professional Development ( CPD ) activities?The refresh aimed to place and investigate factors which encourage and support the inclusion of e-Learning within CPD activities and factors which discourage and tame the inclusion of e-Learning within CPD activities.Recommendations and findings of the check look for to inform the development and bringing of CPD activities within the Ridge way coalition ( Oxfordshire Learning constipation NHS invest ) .Structure of the surveyChapter one, presents the survey focal point, placing influences from national government the professional organic structure for sop ups and Midwives rehearsing in the United Kingdom ( UK ) the nursing and Midwifery Council ( NMC ) and influences from the Department of Health ( DH ) the National Health Service ( NHS ) and societal policy issues.Background selective reading is so presented stick withed by a precept for set abouting the survey. The search inquiry is presented together with the purposes and aims for the survey, basically these guide the unharmed undertaking.In chapter two, contains the literature reappraisal. Existing literature refering to the subjects of E-Learning, Continuing Professional Development ( CPD ) and Learning Disability Nurses.Chapter Three, presents the methodological analysis and methods of the survey, look intoing the philosophical constructs that inf orm the boilers suit attack of the thesis showing the theoretical model, design of the survey and associate ethical issues.Ethical motives Committee blessing was sought for the survey, the moralss proposal agency allow for be presented and explored. Finally the methods of the survey provide be presented and discussed.The consequences of the survey are presented in Chapter Four, accompanied by informations analysis.Chapter five nowadayss a interference of the salient points which emerged from the analysis of the consequences.Chapter six offers the findings drawn from the treatments with cardinal findings of the undertaking. Recommendations for alterations in pattern associating to e-Learning and CPD activities are put frontward. A contemplation on the experience of press out oning this survey using the brooding model of ( Reference ) brings the thesis to an terminal.Chapter deuce LITERATURE REVIEWWhile transporting out the literature reappraisal it became evident that there is a deficiency of create work associating to the experiences of larning disablement nurses engaging in Continuing Professional Development ( CPD ) activities likewise there is a deficiency of published work concentrating on larning disablement nurses prosecuting in e-Learning.Structure how I under took the lit reappraisalChapter Three METHODOLOGY AND METHODSThe question inquiry requires the expound about nurses elaboration in eLearning within CPD activities be explored. A survey to supply such replies would necessitate an geographic expedition of the ideas and experiences of nurses be latering and prosecuting with CPD activities then a qualitative attack exit be adopted for this survey. qualitative research permits an geographic expedition of the lived experience and is viewed through the eyes of the somebody under survey ( Bryman, 2004 ) . The survey result use an inductive, descriptive methodological analysis comprising of facets from both phenomenological and ethno graphic attacks. Harmonizing to Creswell ( 2007 ) these are most appropriate attacks to see when analyzing experiences as lived by the survey instrumentalists. To accomplish this it is necessary that that the experiences of nurses prosecuting in CPD activities are collected, described and so analysed before decisions are drawn. Therefore a mixed attack has been selected as it appears to be the most appropriate in replying the survey inquiry.Theoretical positionA qualitative design has been selected for the survey as it is extremely suited to researching the lived experiences of the histrions to find which factors influence them when be aftering their CPD activities. The survey asked participants to depute their ideas and experiences to detect any possible barriers or restraints they have encountered when be aftering within CPD activities through one discuss it provide place which factors discourage and suppress the inclusion of eLearning within CPD activities and which enco urage and back up the inclusion of eLearning within CPD activities. Thematic analysis en arrogance set up subjects from which actions cane be identified for swear out development.Paradigm The paradigm of the survey consists of the followers the ontological position is relativist, the writer believes that there is no individual reply to the challenge, the topic is dependent on context and is different among persons. The epistemic position is subjectivist, it would be hard to be nonsubjective in such a research undertaking as the writer has an established and seeable presence in larning & A learning in peculiar in e-learning in their employing administration, it is indispensable that this is urinaten into consideration as it whitethorn act upon upon the research undertaking and the methodological position is hermeneutic.MethodologyThe survey is interview based and ordain use an inductive, descriptive methodological analysis seeking the experiences of larning disablement nurses prosecuting in CPD activities.The survey focuses on the experiences of registered larning disablement nurses, employed in a detail NHS practice in England, UK. The inclusion standard is deliberately wide to cover nurses from any country of the Trust could operate part. It is besides of import to pasture up the positions of nurses who have non yet engaged in CPD activities utilizing e-Learning every figure good as those who have. Therefore for matter-of-fact grounds purposive take in was employed.Purposive take ( Polit & A Hungler, 1999 284 ) was utilised to try to happen a more closely defined group for whom the research inquiry lead be important. Polkinghorne ( 1989 ) and Ryan & A Bernard ( 2003 ) advocator that trying continues until theoretical saturation has been reached. This is advocated by Guest et Al ( 2006 ) who identifies in wellness scientific discipline research, that fecundation has become the g elderly criterion by which purposive stress surfaces are de termined. It was hence of import to attempt that a sufficient Numberss of participants are recruited to supply the volume of day of the month required to make theoretical impregnation and remain overseeable within the clip graduated table of the survey. A sample distribution size of six has been chosen for this survey, this figure is suggested by Polkinghorne ( 1989 ) as a suited figure for informations assemblage via interviews.Figure 1 intimate of the methodological analysis.Draft survey/ interview order of business ( unfastened and closed inquiries ) free testing Revise bill of exchange survey/ interview agenda Pre-test revised bill of exchange utilizing interviews Revise study once more Carry out chief informations aggregation interviews Transcribe interviews Send to participants for resultant roleer proof Code informations and fix informations files Analyse informations and write study.( Based on Robson 2002229 ) .A Trust decision master volition direct a missive as k foring fighting in the survey to each runner degree, registered Learning Disability Nurse employed within the Ridgeway Partnership ( Oxfordshire Learning Disability NHS Trust ) .The invitation go out include an precis of the survey placing purposes and aims and time-scale and demands on participants. The participant information sheet and act off-key pas will be sent as enclosures to the invitation missive, they will be asked to return their completed service fictitious pas. balance will be sent via the Trust native postal system, respondents will be provided with a return ego turn to envelope for their usage.If the full sample has non been recruited within four hebdomads so a second invitation to take part will be extended via the Trust Nurses Newsletter . This is a bi-monthly electronic wisessheet produced within the Trust and sent by a Trust decision manufacturing business via electronic harness to all registered nurses. Potential participants will be invited to re ach Jill Pawlyn for more information on the undertaking and to bespeak the participant information sheet.Inquirers will be sent a transcript of the participant information sheet and answer faux pas, they will be asked to return their completed answer faux pas. Correspondence will be sent via the internal postal system, respondents will be provided with a return ego addressed envelope for their usage. come after up letters will be sent two hebdomads after reacting to the initial question. If no response received so the participant will non be contacted once more. thespians who complete and return the answer faux pas will be invited to go to an single interview.Although the focal point of the survey is on e-Learning activities, the initial invitation to take part is non being made electronically as this would instantly curtail the sample to participants who have a work electronic mail reference and are users of engineering at work.Interviews will be structured utilizing the interview agenda participants will be asked a serial of inquiries to garner an history of their experience.To guarantee an accurate record of the interview is captured interviews will be audio recorded.Interviews will be conducted at a clip and workplace location which is most convenient to the participants, ideally an interview room on one of the three chief Trust sites ( Oxford, Marlborough & A Aylesbury ) which is draw near to the participants work base, is physically accessible and affords a sufficient degree of cover to guarantee the participant can talk freely during the interview. Jill Pawlyn will guarantee suited suites are booked for each interview.Interview notes will be transcribed into direct accounts , a transcript of the transcript will be sent to interview participants for respondent proof . entropy analysis will be conducted utilizing quantitative and qualitative attacks consisting of both thematic and descriptive analysis. information analysis will get down on receptio n of the returned transcripts. entropy analysis will be assisted utilizing NVivo, this package can manage big sums of informations rapidly, and it helps the development of consistent mark strategies and provides individual location fund for all informations and stuff for the undertaking. data will be analysed utilizing thematic analysis, informations within the interview transcripts will be condition codifications, extra remarks and contemplations will be noted utilizing memos similar recurring phrases, subjects, experiences etc will be sought.From the forms generated from the informations a set of generalisations will so be developed these generalizations will be discussed and describe on in the concluding study ( accommodate from Miles & A Huberman, 1994 9 ) .Chief inclusion and exclusion standards.Inclusion standard setoff degree, registered learning disablement nurses employed in Ridgeway Partnership ( Oxfordshire Learning Disability NHS Trust ) , and of this group the first six who express involvement.Exclusion standard employees of Ridgeway Partnership ( Oxfordshire Learning Disability NHS Trust ) , who are non first degree, registered learning disablement nurses the research workers line director and those nurses to whom the research worker provides clinical supervising.No exclusions will be made on the footing of age, disablement, gender, race, cultural tooth root or nationality, faith or belief, or sexual orientation.sample size for the research? How many participants/samples/data records do you be after to collapse in entire?Sample size six nurses drawn from a population of 150 nurses within one NHS Trust. participants are all rehearsing nurses in the UK. Written communications within the trust are in English.How was the sample size decided upon? If a formal sample size deliberation was apply, bespeak how this was done, braggart(a) sufficient information to warrant and reproduce the computation.The survey focuses on the experiences of registered nurses, employed in a particular NHS Trust in England, UK.The inclusion standard is deliberately wide to guarantee nurses from any country of the Trust could take part for matter-of-fact grounds purposive sampling is being employed.What are the possible threatens and loads for research participants and how will you minimize them?There are no hazards or other obvious disadvantages from taking portion.There is a demand for participants to perpetrate clip to take part in the informations aggregation and look intoing the interview transcripts, across the continuance of the survey this should non transcend 1 1/2 hours in entire.To understate the hazard of incommodiousness take parting in the survey, interviews will be held in Trust locations as near to the participants work base as possible and at a clip which is reciprocally convenient to the participant and research worker.No hazard to self esteem originating from the interview, inquiries are non invasive.potency for c lear to research participants?There are no direct benefits to taking portion, although engagement will supply participants with an chance for personal contemplation through which they may derive penetrations into their ain acquisition penchants and place countries for future CPD actions.By take parting in this survey persons will assist us to commiserate how better to plan and back up CPD activities delivered via e-Learning within the Trust.How and by whom will potential participants, records or samples be identified?A Trust decision maker will direct a missive ask foring engagement in the survey to each first degree, registered Learning Disability Nurse employed within the Ridgeway partnership ( Oxfordshire Learning Disability NHS Trust ) .Confidentiality of the information provided by participants can scarce be protected within the restrictions of the jurisprudence. Participant individualities will be protected through de-identification , participants will be given an single unique placing codification which will be know merely to Jill Pawlyn. Personal information and the identifying codifications will be held individually and be stored in a secure location.Identities of participants will be held in assurance from other members of staff in the Trust. To make this, informations will be de-identified before it is analysed and in the concluding study participants will be referred to by a anonym.No personally placing information will be presented in the concluding study.The information will be unploughed firmly in the Trust, for two old ages from the day of the month of completion, before being destroyed.How and by whom will potential participants foremost be approached?Initial attack will be via a missive ask foring engagement in the survey. This will be sent by a Trust decision maker to each nurse employed within the Trust. The invitation will include an lineation of the survey placing purposes and aims and time-scale and demands on participants. The par ticipant information sheet and answer faux pas will be sent as enclosures to the invitation missive, they will be asked to return their completed answer faux pas.The follow-up invitation will be achieved via the Nurses Newsletter . The decision maker to the Director for Performance, Information and Nursing compiles and distributes the Nurses Newsletter, every two months. Distribution is via the trust electronic mail and internal station systems. Potential participants will be invited to reach Jill Pawlyn to bespeak farther information about the survey or to bespeak a transcript of the participant information sheet.Invitation letters will be sent to Nurses by a Trust decision maker who has entree to the database of registered nurses. On question, possible participants will be asked to supply personal information for future correspondence within the answer faux pas giving name, work reference, email reference and work phone figure.A follow up invitation to take part in the survey wi ll be included in the Trust Nurses Newsletter , the invitation will include an lineation of the survey placing purposes and aims and time-scale and demands on participants.ConsentPotential participants will be sent a transcript of the participant information sheet and answer faux pas, they will be asked to return their completed answer faux pas.Correspondence will be sent via the internal postal system, respondents will be provided with a return ego addressed envelope for their usage.Follow up invitations will be sent two hebdomads after reacting to the initial question.If no response received so the participant will non be contacted once more. Participants who complete and return the answer faux pas will be invited to go to an single interview.At the start of the interview Jill Pawlyn will corroborate deep down informations of the Participant Information Sheet with the participant, supplying an chance to inquire any farther inquiries they may hold. The agree signifier will be is sued and the participant will be asked to subscribe the signifier to mean consent to take part.The participant will be given a transcript of their gestural consent signifier for their records. The interview will get down.Should any participant diminution to consent, they will thanked for their attending.Participants will enter consent on a consent signifier. Consent received will be recorded in the survey records.guarantee the confidentiality of personal informations?Participants will be given an single unique placing codification which will be know merely to Jill Pawlyn. Participant name and work contact inside informations will be kept in an encrypted password-protected computing machine file held individually from any informations supplied during interview and audio recording accessible merely by Jill Pawlyn.Identities of participants will be held in assurance from other members of staff in the Trust. Data will be de-identified before it is analysed and in the concluding study, participants will be referred to by a anonym. No look up to personally placing information will be presented in the concluding study.Relationships amidst research worker and participantsThere are personal relationships in the administration patronizing the surveyThe main research worker ( Marion Waite ) is an employee of Oxford Brookes University, the patronizing HEI. Other research worker ( Jill Pawlyn ) who at the clip of get downing the syudy was an employee of the Ridgeway Partnership ( Oxfordshire Learning Disability NHS Trust ) , the site of probe and a parttime pupil at Oxford Brookes University, the research worker is besides sub contracted as a portion clip employee of Oxford Brookes University.inform participants of the consequences?Findingss will be disseminated separately to participants and more widely through the Nurses assemblage to Trust stakeholders in the signifier of an unwritten presentation and paper origination and study to the Trust R & A D commission d isplay at relevant conference Publication of findings in relevant diary or text book The undertaking study will be located in the Trust Library and Intranet as a mention resource A transcript of the concluding thesis is retained in the University library for mention.SampleEntree to data/sampleData aggregationDatas analysisData will be analysed utilizing a thematic attack, theme designation will be achieved using the techniques of Ryan & A Bernard ( 2003 ) .Chapter FOUR subject and ANALYSISmethods of analysis ( statistical or other appropriate methods, e.g. for qualitative research ) by which the information will be evaluated to run into the survey aims.Data analysis will be conducted utilizing thematic analysis, coding single responses for rising subjects and issues. To help the purpose informations analysis package will be used ( e.g. NVivo 8 ) . Interview notes will be transcribed into direct accounts , a transcript of the transcript will be sent to the interview participant for respondent proof .Data analysis will get down on reception of the returned transcripts. Data analysis will be aided utilizing NVivo, this package can manage big sums of informations rapidly, and it helps the development of consistent coding strategies and provides individual location storage for all informations and stuff for the undertaking.Data will be analysed utilizing thematic analysis, informations within the interview transcripts will be given codifications, extra remarks and contemplations will be noted utilizing memos similar recurring phrases, subjects, experiences etc will be sought.From the forms generated from the informations a set of generalisations will so be developed these generalizations will be discussed and reported on in the concluding study. ( Adapted from Miles & A Huberman, 1994 9 )Chapter FIVE DiscussionDiscuss the of import points that emerge from the analysis of the consequences.RestrictionsRestrictions in the main originate in the sample metho d, purposive sampling introduces bias that it is necessary to concentrate the survey on the coveted mark group. The sample will merely include those who responded to the invitation to take part and returned completed consent signifiers.Further restrictions arise in the prejudice declared by the research worker, who has a peculiar professional involvement in e-Learning and its operation to nurse CPD and possible Observer Effect this is when the perceiver s survey of the sort changes the nature of the behavior, likewise this alteration can happen during interview. Robson ( 2002 ) indicates that addiction can cut down this consequence, placing how a individual becomes progressively familiar with the procedure of observation and hence less constrained.Chapter Six DecisionMentionsBahn D ( 2007 ) Orientation of nurses towards formal and informal acquisition Motivations and perceptual experiences. Nurse Education Today. 27 ( 7 ) , 723-730.Barker PJ ( 1991 ) Interview. In Cormack DFS ( Ed ) . The Research Process in Nursing ( second edition ) . Oxford Blackwell Scientific Publications, 207-214.Bryman A ( 2004 ) Social research methods ( 2nd edition ) . Oxford Oxford University abbreviate.CLU ( 2008 ) NHS Core Learning Unit. gettable at hypertext transport communications communications protocol //www.corelearningunit.com/ ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Connecting for Health ( 2008 ) Programmes for IT In your country. easy at hypertext hit protocol //www.connectingforhealth.nhs.uk/area ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Creswell JW ( 2007 ) Qualitative Inquiry and Research externalize Choosing Among Five Approaches ( 2nd edition ) Thousand Oaks, California Sage Publications Inc.Crofts L ( 2002 ) Geting Started. In Tarling M & A Crofts L ( Eds ) The indispensable research worker s enchiridion for nurses and wellness attention professionals ( 2nd edition ) . Edinburgh Bailliere Tindall, 1-18.Department of Health ( DH ) ( 1999 ) Continuing professional development Quality in the new NHS. usable at hypertext transfer protocol //www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/ dh/ en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4012012.pdf ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .DH ( 2001 ) Working together, larning together a model for womb-to-tomb acquisition for the NHS. on tap(predicate) at hypertext transfer protocol //www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/ dh/ en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4058896.pdf ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .DH ( 2005 ) The NHS Institute for Learning, Skills and Innovation The Way Forward. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/ dh/ en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4107524.pdf ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Economic and Social Research Council ( ESRC ) ( 2006 ) Research ethical motive Framework ( REF ) . Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/Images/ESRC_Re_Ethics_Frame_tcm6-11291.pdf ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Farrell M ( 2006 ) Learning otherwise vitamin E l arning in nurse instruction. Nursing Management, 13 ( 6 ) , 14-17Geertz C ( 1973 ) The reading of civilizations selected essays. New York underlying Books.Gill A ( 2007 ) E-Learning and professional development neer excessively old to larn. British Journal of Nursing. 16 ( 17 ) , 1084-1088.Guba EG & A Lincoln YS ( 1981 ) Effective rating Bettering the utility of rating consequences through antiphonal and realistic attacks. San Francisco Jossey-Bass.Guest G, Bunce A & A Johnson L ( 2006 ) How Many Interviews Are Enough? An Experiment with Data Saturation and Variability. theater Methods. 18 ( 1 ) , 59-82.HEFCE ( 2005 ) Scheme for e-Learning. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/hefce/2005/05_12/05_12.pdf ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Husserl E ( 1977 ) Cartesian speculations an instauration to phenomenology. Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers.JISC ( no day of the month ) e-Learning. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/themes/ elearning.aspx ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .JISC ( 2007 ) Accessible e-learning in Higher Education. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/programmes/distributedelearning/delaccfinalreport.pdf ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .JISC ( 2008 ) Effective purpose of Virtual Learning Environments. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.jiscinfonet.ac.uk/InfoKits/effective-use-of-VLEs ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Miles MB & A Huberman AM ( 1994 ) Qualitative information abridgment An expanded sourcebook. ( 2nd edition ) . Thousand Oaks. California Sage Publications.National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE ) ( 2008 ) NHS Evidence Health Information Resources. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.library.nhs.uk ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .National Workforce Group ( 2005 ) Supporting Best Practice in e-Learning across the NHS. Preston Cumbria and Lancashire Strategic Health Authority.National Workforce Group & amp Department of Health ( 2006 ) Modernizing health care preparation e-learning in health care services. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.healthcareworkforce.nhs.uk/index.php? option=com_docman & A task=doc_download & A gid=42 & A Itemid=82 ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .NMC ( 2008a ) The Code Standards of behavior, public presentation and moralss for nurses and accoucheuses. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.nmc-uk.org/aArticle.aspx? ArticleID=3056 ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .NMC ( 2008b ) The PREP Handbook. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.nmc-uk.org/aDisplayDocument.aspx? documentID=4340 ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Polit DF & A Hungler BP ( 1999 ) Nursing Research Principles & A Methods ( 6th Edition ) . Philadelphia Lippincott.Polkinghorne DE ( 1989 ) Phenomenological research methods. In Valle RS & A Halling S ( Eds ) Existential-phenomenological positions in psychological science researching the comprehensiveness of tender experience. New York London Plenum, 41-60.Punch K ( 200 6 ) Developing Effective Research Proposals. ( 2nd Edition ) . London Sage Publishers.Rivers S ( 2007 ) The larning journey, portion 4 who pays? Practice Nursing. 18 ( 11 ) , 560-563.Robson ( 2002 ) Real universe research a resource for societal scientists and practitioner-researchers ( 2nd edition ) . Oxford Blackwell.Ryan GW & A Bernard HR ( no day of the month ) Techniques to Identify Themes in Qualitative Data. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.analytictech.com/mb870/Readings/ryan-bernard_techniques_to_identify_themes_in.htm ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Ryan GW & A Bernard HR ( 2003 ) Techniques to Identify Themes. Field Methods. 15 ( 1 ) , 85-109.Sandars J ( 2003 ) e-learning the coming of age. Education for radical Care. 14 ( 1 ) , 1-5.Sharpe R, Benfield G, Roberts G & A Francis R ( 2006 ) The undergraduate experience of blended e-learning a reappraisal of UK literature and pattern. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents /ourwork/research/Sharpe_Benfield_Roberts_Francis.pdf ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Waite M & A Bingham H ( 2008 ) Best pattern counsel for blended acquisition attacks to CPD instruction for NHS staff. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.nesc.nhs.uk/Docs/EL % 20Marions % 20Report.doc ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Welman JS, Kruger SJ, & A Mitchell BC ( 2005 ) Research Methodology ( 3rd edition ) . Cape Town Oxford University Press Southern Africa.Wright A & A Bingham H ( 2008 ) E-learning Scoping Exercise for NHS South Central consequences and recommendations Separate One Trusts and PCTs. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.nesc.nhs.uk/Docs/06052008 % 20- % 20Final % 20report % 20 ( Public % 20copy ) % 20- % 20v8 % 20AGW.doc ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .BibliographyMurray PJ ( 1996-2002 ) Nursing the cyberspace a model survey of nurses usage of computer-mediated communications. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.peter-murray.net/ disseminated multiple sclerosis/di sscont.htm ( accessed 01/05/08 )Microsoft ( 2006 ) IT Training Any Time, Any Place for NHS Staff. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.microsoft.com/uk/press/content/presscentre/releases/2006/12/pr03774.mspx ( accessed 01/05/08 )Pope C, Ziebland S & A Mays M ( 2000 ) Qualitative research in wellness attention Analysing qualitative informations. 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Psychology & A Health. 11 ( 2 ) 261-271.AppendixsDefinitionsContinuing professional development ( CPD )A First Class Service ( DH 1999 5 ) defines CPD as a procedure of womb-to-tomb larning for all persons and squads which meets the demands of patients and delivers the wellness results and healthcare precedences of the NHS and which enables professionals to spread out and carry through their possible CPD should be focussed on the demands of patients and should assist persons and squads deliver the wellness results and healthcare precedences of the NHS, as set out in national service models and local wellness betterment programmes. CPD should be a partnership between the person and the administration its focal point should be the bringing of high quality NHS services every bit good as run intoing single calling aspirations and larning demands. All chances should be taken for patients and patients groups to hold an enter ( DH 1999 6 ) .e-LearningJISC ( Joint Information Systems Committee ) ( no day of the month ) indicate that e-Learning can be defined as larning facilitated and supported through the usage of information and communications engineering . It can cover a spectrum of activities from the usage of engi neering to back up larning as portion of a blended attack ( a combination of traditional and e-Learning attacks ) , to larning that is delivered wholly on-line .MentionsDepartment of Health ( 1999 ) Continuing Professional Development Quality in the new NHS. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Lettersandcirculars/Healthservicecirculars/DH_4004315? IdcService=GET_FILE & A dID=27906 & A Rendition=Web ( accessed 01/06/08 )JISC ( no day of the month ) e-Learning. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/themes/elearning.aspx ( accessed 01/06/08 ) utile Web sitesInterpretative Phenomenological Analysis ( IPA ) this website lineations IPA and its application to qualitative research hypertext transfer protocol //www.psyc.bbk.ac.uk/ipa/The NHS Core Learning Unit ( NHS CLU ) has delivered core larning programmes since October 2005 following the death of the NHS University ( NHSU ) . The Unit isahosted administra tion within the National Health Service. Programs are funded by the Strategic Health Authorities in England and are, as such, available free of extra charges, to NHS staff. hypertext transfer protocol //www.corelearningunit.com/Useful web sitehypertext transfer protocol //www.nesc.nhs.uk/e-learning__libraries/e-learning/strategy, _policies__documenta.aspxThe NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement supports the NHS to exchange health care for patients and the populace by quickly developing and distributing new ways of working, new engineering and first leading hypertext transfer protocol //www.institute.nhs.uk/The NHS and Social Care E-Learning Resources Database contains inside informations of e-Learning plans that have been developed and are available for usage within the wellness and attention sector hypertext transfer protocol //www.nhselearningdatabase.org.uk/ .Skills for Health was established in April 2002 with support from the DH, the independent and voluntary welln ess sectors and staff administrations to go the Sector Skills Council ( SSC ) for wellness across the UK. Skills for Health takes a UK-wide lead for the development and usage of incorporate competence models across health care hypertext transfer protocol //www.skillsforhealth.org.uk/