Banking and ICT's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Banking and ICTs - Essay ExampleDigital engineering science has greatly reduced the costs of compiling, processing, and distributing information. Information and communications engine room (ICT) invigorates marts by enhancing the flow of information, not in creating certainty, but making information more symmetric. The rise of the Internet, for example, has increased transparency, improving the ability of all market participants to determine the available range of prices for financial instruments and financial services (Clemons and Hitt, 2000, 4). Indeed, information-driven disintermediation is not limited to the financial empyrean The flow of information turns client relationships into markets. This phenomenon is cropping up in fields as diverse as lead agencies, real estate and the auctioning of flowers in Amsterdam (Anon., 1998).The brand-new markets that hand information to consumers also tend to press out down prices. This is a dangerous prospect for branded goods like ban king products and services, which behave increasingly like commodities. Moreover, technology has continually lowered the transaction costs of direct financing, facilitating the emergence of new electronic markets, payments and settlement networks, and new market-based risk and wealth management systems. Disintermediation is accompanied by securitization. Large firms increasingly raise finance like a shot from the financial markets. Companies with secure cash flows create securities from (or securitize) these assets, the value of which is determined by the volume and reliability of the cash flows (Holland et al., 1998, 222). The securities are then sold publicly or privately to institutional investors. Securitization of assets disintermediates banks from their traditional role of lenders to the integrated sector. Financial deregulation and information technology have both contributed to the growing dominance of capital markets by facilitating access for new issuers and investors. F orces For Change Powerful forces for change are forging the future shape of the banking industry. These imply demographic, technological, and regulatory factors. Undergirding these developments is the continuing closer integration of national economies and financial systems through the process known as Globalisation. Changing Customer Needs and Preferences Populations are aging rapidly, at least in the developed westerly democracies. The prospect of rising aged-dependency ratios is focusing governments and individuals on alternative means of funding retirement incomes. Pay-as-you-go pension schemes, to a lower place which the younger (working) generation funds the retirement incomes of the older (retired) generation, are not viable when the aged-dependency ratio rises beyond certain limits. Governments are responding by inducing individuals to make greater provision for their own incomes in retirement, limiting the availability of publicly funded pensions to the genuinely indigen t.